Intertextuality- Text alludes to or references to another text.
Julia Kristeva (1969) claimed 'The shaping of texts meaning by another text' and "The use of an intertextual reference in any text is the absorption and transformation of another"
Some referencing is iconic and the audience can easily remember and recognise the style. Referencing can also reinforce nostalgia and familiarity.
Semiotics is the science of signs, media messages are constructed using a language with its own rules
According to Philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1931) "we think only in signs" and "nothing is a sign unless it is interpret as a sign"
Linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1974) offered a 'dyadic' or two part model of the sign. He defined a sign as being composed of;
Signifier - the form which the sign takes
Signified - the concept it represents
Symbol/symbolic: a mode in which the signifier does not resemble the signified but which is fundamentally arbitrary or purely convention.
Roland Barthes (1967) noted Saussures model of the sign focused on denotation at the expense of connotation and it was lift to subsequent theorists to offer an account of this important dimension of meaning, rise in technology.
John Fiske (1982) "denotation is what is photographed, connotation is how it is photographed"
The 1st and 2nd orders of signification, denotation and connotation, combine to produce ideology which has been described as a third order signification - Fisk and Hartley (1982)
Semiotics is the science of signs, media messages are constructed using a language with its own rules
According to Philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1931) "we think only in signs" and "nothing is a sign unless it is interpret as a sign"
Linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1974) offered a 'dyadic' or two part model of the sign. He defined a sign as being composed of;
Signifier - the form which the sign takes
Signified - the concept it represents
Symbol/symbolic: a mode in which the signifier does not resemble the signified but which is fundamentally arbitrary or purely convention.
Roland Barthes (1967) noted Saussures model of the sign focused on denotation at the expense of connotation and it was lift to subsequent theorists to offer an account of this important dimension of meaning, rise in technology.
John Fiske (1982) "denotation is what is photographed, connotation is how it is photographed"
The 1st and 2nd orders of signification, denotation and connotation, combine to produce ideology which has been described as a third order signification - Fisk and Hartley (1982)
Media theorist Sven E Carlssen (1999) argues that music artists represent themselves as either;
Commercial exhibitionist - Presenting themselves as a brand. Selling their appearance as well as their musical talent. Their face, clothing, style and lifestyle.
For Example Beyonce represents this and this is shown in her 'Drunk in Love' video due to the pageant queen trophy and the inter textual reference to 'From here to eternity'
Televised bard- Represent themselves as a part of a story or as a story teller, for example Lukas Graham portrays himself as this in his 'seven years' music video due to the burning book s which have links to Nazi Germany.
Electronic Shaman- Generally big budget productions where the artist has immortal powers or adopts the alter ego of another iconic character, personality or superhero. An example of this is shown in Michael Jackson's 'Scream' music video due to the anime references and the powerful futuristic feel.
Lady GaGa - Telephone is a prime example as the video is full of intertextual references:
Emaze presentation on the Telephone Intertextual references
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